Comparative Chart Of Indian Penal Code And 2023 Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023

	A	B	C	D
1	Indian Penal Code, 1860		Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
2	Section	Heading	Section	Heading
3	1	Title and extent of operation of the Code	1	Short title, commencement and application
4	2	Punishment of offences committed within India	1(3)	Short title, commencement and application
5	3	Punishment of offences committed beyond, but which by law may be tried within, India	1(4)	Short title, commencement and application
6	4	Extension of Code to extra-territorial offences	1(5)	Short title, commencement and application
7	5	Certain laws not to be affected by this Act	—	—
8	6	Definitions in the Code to be understood subject to exceptions	1(6)	Short title, commencement and application
9	7	Sense of expression once explained	—	—
10	8	Gender	2(9)	“Gender”
11	9	Number	2(22)	“Number”
12	10	“Man”, “Woman”	2(18)	“Man”
13	10	“Man”, “Woman”	2(35)	“Woman”
14	11	“Person”	2(26)	“Person”
15	12	“Public”	2(27)	“Public”
16	13	Definition of “Queen”	—	—
17	14	“Servant of Government”	2(28)	“Public servant”
18	15	Definition of “British India”	—	—
19	16	Definition of “Government of India”	—	—
20	17	Government	2(11)	“Government”
21	18	India	—	—
22	19	“Judge”	2(15)	“Judge”
23	20	“Court of Justice”	2(4)	“Court”
24	21	“Public servant”	2(28)	“Public servant”
25	22	“Movable property”	2(21)	“Movable property”
26	23	“Wrongful gain”	2(36)	“Wrongful gain”
27	23	“Wrongful gain”	2(38)	“Gaining wrongfully”, “Losing wrongfully”
28	24	“Dishonestly”	2(6)	“Dishonestly”
29	25	“Fraudulently”	2(8)	“Fraudulently”
30	26	“Reason to believe”	2(29)	“Reason to believe”
31	27	Property in possession of wife, clerk or servant	3	General Explanations and expressions
32	28	“Counterfeit”	2(3)	“Counterfeit”
33	29	“Document”	2(7)	“Document”
34	29A	“Electronic record”	2(39)
35	30	“Valuable security”	2(31)	“Valuable security”
36	31	“A will”	2(34)	“Will”
37	32	Words referring to acts include illegal omissions	2(1)	“Act”
38	32	Words referring to acts include illegal omissions	3(4)	General Explanations and expressions
39	33	“Act”, “Omission”	2(1)	“Act”
40	33	“Act”, “Omission”	2(26)	“Person”
41	34	Acts done by several persons in furtherance of common intention	3(5)	General Explanations and expressions
42	35	When such an act is criminal by reason of its being done with a criminal knowledge or intention	3(6)	General Explanations and expressions
43	36	Effect caused partly by act and partly by omission	3(7)	General Explanations and expressions
44	37	Co-operation by doing one of several acts constituting an offence	3(8)	General Explanations and expressions
45	38	Persons concerned in Criminal Act may be guilty of different offences	3(9)	General Explanations and expressions
46	39	“Voluntarily”	2(33)	“Voluntarily”
47	40	“Offence”	2(24)	“Offence”
48	41	“Special law”	2(30)	“Special law”
49	42	“Local law”	2(17)	“Local law”
50	43	“Illegal”, “Legally bound to do”	2(14)	“Illegal”
51	44	“Injury”	2(13)	“Injury”
52	45	“Life”	2(16)	“Life”
53	46	“Death”	2(5)	“Death”
54	47	“Animal”	2(2)	“Animal”
55	48	“Vessel”	2(32)	“Vessel”
56	49	“Year”/”Month”	2(20)	”Month”/“Year”
57	50	“Section”	—	—
58	51	“Oath”	2(23)	“Oath”
59	52	“Good faith”	2(10)	“Good faith”
60	52A	“Harbour”	2(12)	“Harbour”
61	53	Punishments	4	Punishments
62	53A	Construction of reference to transportation	—	—
63	54	Commutation of sentence of death	5	Commutation of sentence of death or imprisonment for life
64	55	Commutation of sentence of imprisonment for life	5	Commutation of sentence of death or imprisonment for life
65	55A	Definition of “appropriate Government”	Explanation to section 5	Commutation of sentence of death or imprisonment for life
66	56	Sentence of Europeans and Americans to penal servitude, proviso as to sentence for term exceeding ten years but not for life	—	—
67	57	Fractions of terms of punishment	6	Fractions of terms of punishment
68	58	Offenders sentenced to transportation how dealt with until transported	4	Punishments
69	59	Transportation instead of imprisonment	4	Punishments
70	60	Sentence may be (in certain cases of imprisonment) wholly or partly rigorous or simple	7	Sentence may be (in certain cases of imprisonment) wholly or partly rigorous or simple
71	61	Sentence of forfeiture of property	—	—
72	62	Forfeiture of property, in respect of offenders punishable with death, transportation or imprisonment	—	—
73	63	Amount of fine	8	Amount of fine, liability in default of payment of fine, etc.
74	64	Sentence of imprisonment for non-payment of fine	8	Amount of fine, liability in default of payment of fine, etc.
75	65	Limit to imprisonment for non-payment of fine, when imprisonment and fine awardable	8(3)	Amount of fine, liability in default of payment of fine, etc.
76	66	Description of imprisonment for non-payment of fine	8(4)/(5)	Amount of fine, liability in default of payment of fine, etc.
77	67	Imprisonment for non-payment of fine when offence punishable with fine only	8(6)	Amount of fine, liability in default of payment of fine, etc.
78	68	Imprisonment to terminate on payment of fine	8(6)	Amount of fine, liability in default of payment of fine, etc.
79	69	Termination of imprisonment on payment of proportional part of fine	8(6)	Amount of fine, liability in default of payment of fine, etc.
80	70	Fine leviable within six years, or during imprisonment – Death not to discharge property from liability	8(7)	Amount of fine, liability in default of payment of fine, etc.
81	71	Limit of punishment of offence made up of several offences	9	Limit of punishment of offence made up of several offences
82	72	Punishment of person guilty of one of several offences, the judgment stating that it is doubtful of which	10	Punishment of person guilty of one of several offences, the judgment stating that it is doubtful of which
83	73	Solitary confinement	11	Solitary confinement
84	74	Limit of solitary confinement	12	Limit of solitary confinement
85	75	Enhanced punishment for certain offences under Chapter XII or Chapter XVII after previous conviction	13	Enhanced punishment for certain offences after previous conviction
86	76	Act done by a person bound, or by mistake of fact believing himself bound, by law	14	Act done by a person bound, or by mistake of fact believing himself bound, by law
87	77	Act of Judge when acting judicially	15	Act of Judge when acting judicially
88	78	Act done pursuant to the judgment or order of Court	16	Act done pursuant to the judgment or order of Court
89	79	Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself justified, by law	17	Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself, justified, by law
90	80	Accident in doing a lawful act	18	Accident in doing a lawful act
91	81	Act likely to cause harm, but done without criminal intent, and to prevent other harm	19	Act likely to cause harm, but done without criminal intent, and to prevent other harm
92	82	Act of a child under seven years of age	20	Act of a child under seven years of age
93	83	Act of a child above seven and under twelve of immature understanding	21	Act of a child above seven and under twelve of immature understanding
94	84	Act of a person of unsound mind	22	Act of a person of mental illness
95	85	Act of a person incapable of judgment by reason of intoxication caused against his will	23	Act of a person incapable of judgment by reason of intoxication caused against his will
96	86	Offence requiring a particular intent or knowledge committed by one who is intoxicated	24	Offence requiring a particular intent or knowledge committed by one who is intoxicated
97	87	Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done by consent	25	Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done by consent
98	88	Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for person’s benefit	26	Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for person’s benefit
99	89	Act done in good faith for benefit of child or insane person, by or by consent of guardian	27	Act done in good faith for benefit of child or person with mental illness, by or by consent of guardian
100	90	Consent known to be given under fear or misconception	28	Consent known to be given under fear or misconception
101	91	Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm caused	29	Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm caused
102	92	Act done in good faith for benefit of a person without consent	30	Act done in good faith for benefit of a person without consent
103	93	Communication made in good faith	31	Communication made in good faith
104	94	Act to which a person is compelled by threats	32	Act to which a person compelled by threats
105	95	Act causing slight harm	33	Act causing slight harm
106	96	Things done in private defence	34	Things done in private defence
107	97	Right of private defence of the body and of property	35	Right of private defence of the body and of property
108	98	Right of private defence against the act of a person of unsound mind, etc	36	Right of private defence against the act of a person with mental illness, etc.
109	99	Act against which there is no right to private defence	37	Acts against which there is no right of private defence
110	100	When the right of private defence of the body extends to causing death	38	When the right of private defence of the body extends to causing death
111	101	When such right extends to causing any harm other than death	39	When such right extends to causing any harm other than death
112	102	Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of the body	40	Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of the body
113	103	When the right of private defence of property extends to causing death	41	When the right of private defence of property extends to causing death
114	104	When such right extends to causing any harm other than death	42	When such right extends to causing any harm other than death
115	105	Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of property	43	Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of property
116	106	Right of private defence against deadly assault when there is risk of harm to innocent person	44	Right of private defence against deadly assault when there is risk of harm to innocent person
117	107	Abetment of a thing	45	Abetment of a thing
118	108	Abettor	46	Abettor
119	108A	Abetment in India of offences outside India	47	Abetment in India of offences outside India
120	109	Punishment of abetment if the act abetted is committed in consequence and where no express provision is made for its punishment	49	Punishment of abetment if the act abetted is committed in consequence and where no express provision is made for its punishment
121	110	Punishment of abetment if person abetted does act with a different intention from that of abettor	50	Punishment of abetment if person abetted does act with different intention from that of abettor
122	111	Liability of abettor when one act abetted and different act done	51	Liability of abettor when one act abetted and different act done
123	112	Abettor when liable to cumulative punishment for act abetted and for act done	52	Abettor when liable to cumulative punishment for act abetted and for act done
124	113	Liability of abettor for an effect caused by the act abetted different from that intended by the abettor	53	Liability of abettor for an effect caused by the act abetted different from that intended by the abettor
125	114	Abettor present when offence is committed	54	Abettor present when offence is committed
126	115	Abetment of offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life	55	Abetment of offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life
127	116	Abetment of offence punishable with imprisonment	56	Abetment of offence punishable with imprisonment
128	117	Abetting commission of offence by the public or by more than ten persons	57	Abetting commission of offence by the public or by more than ten persons
129	118	Concealing design to commit offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life	58	Concealing design to commit offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life
130	119	Public servant concealing design to commit offence which it is his duty to prevent	59	Public servant concealing design to commit offence which it is his duty to prevent
131	120	Concealing design to commit offence punishable with imprisonment	60	Concealing design to commit offence punishable with imprisonment
132	120A	Definition of criminal conspiracy	61(1)	Criminal conspiracy
133	120B	Punishment of criminal conspiracy	61(1)	Criminal conspiracy
134	120B	Punishment of criminal conspiracy	62	Punishment for attempting to commit offences punishable with imprisonment for life or other imprisonment
135	121	Waging, or attempting to wage war, or abetting waging of war, against the Government of India	145	Waging, or attempting to wage war, or abetting waging of war, against the Government of India
136	121A	Conspiracy to commit offences punishable by section 121	146	Conspiracy to commit offences punishable by section 145
137	122	Collecting arms, etc., with intention of waging war against the Government of India	147	Collecting arms, etc., with intention of waging war against the Government of India
138	123	Concealing with intent to facilitate design to wage war	148	Concealing with intent to facilitate design to wage war
139	124	Assaulting President, Governor, etc, with intent to compel or restrain the exercise of any lawful power	149	Assaulting President, Governor, etc., with intent to compel or restrain the exercise of any lawful power
140	124A	Sedition	150	Acts endangering sovereignty unity and integrity of India
141	125	Waging war against any Asiatic power in alliance with the Government of India	151	Waging war against Government of any foreign State at peace with the Government of India
142	126	Committing depredation on territories of power at peace with the Government of India	152	Committing depredation on territories of foreign State at peace with the Government of India
143	127	Receiving property taken by war or depredation mentioned in sections 125 and 126	153	Receiving property taken by war or depredation mentioned in sections 153 and 154
144	128	Public servant voluntarily allowing prisoner of State or war to escape	154	Public servant voluntarily allowing prisoner of state or war to escape
145	129	Public servant negligently suffering such prisoner to escape	155	Public servant negligently suffering such prisoner to escape
146	130	Aiding escape of, rescuing or harbouring such prisoner	156	Aiding escape of, rescuing or harbouring such prisoner
147	131	Abetting mutiny, attempting to seduce a soldier, sailor or airman from his duty	157	Abetting mutiny, or attempting to seduce a soldier, sailor or airman from his duty
148	132	Abetment of mutiny, if mutiny is committed in consequence thereof	158	Abetment of mutiny, if mutiny is committed in consequence thereof
149	133	Abetment of assault by soldier, sailor or airman on his superior officer, when in execution of his office	159	Abetment of assault by soldier, sailor or airman on his superior officer, when in execution of his office
150	134	Abetment of such assault, if the assault is committed	160	Abetment of such assault, if the assault committed
151	135	Abetment of desertion of soldier, sailor or airman	161	Abetment of desertion of soldier, sailor or airman
152	136	Harbouring deserter	162	Harbouring deserter
153	137	Deserter concealed on board, merchant vessel through negligence of master	163	Deserter concealed on board merchant vessel through negligence of master
154	138	Abetment of act of insubordination by soldier, sailor or airman	164	Abetment of act of insubordination by soldier, sailor or airman
155	138A	Application of foregoing sections to the Indian Marine Service	—	—
156	139	Persons subject to certain Acts	165	Persons subject to certain Acts
157	140	Wearing garb or carrying token used by soldier, sailor or airman	166	Wearing garb or carrying token used by soldier, sailor or airman
158	141	Unlawful assembly	187	Unlawful assembly
159	142	Being member of unlawful assembly	188	Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of common object
160	143	Punishment	187(3)	Unlawful assembly
161	144	Joining unlawful assembly armed with deadly weapon	187(4)/ 187(9)	Unlawful assembly
162	145	Joining or continuing in unlawful assembly, knowing it has been commanded to disperse	187(3)/ 187(5)	Unlawful assembly
163	146	Rioting	189	Rioting
164	147	Punishment for rioting	189(2)/ 189(3)	Rioting
165	148	Rioting, armed with deadly weapon	189	Rioting
166	149	Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of common object	188	Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of common object
167	150	Hiring, or conniving at hiring, of persons to join unlawful assembly	187(6)	Unlawful assembly
168	151	Knowingly joining or continuing in assembly of five or more persons after it has been commanded to disperse	187(5)	Unlawful assembly
169	152	Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etc.	193	Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etc.
170	153	Wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot – If rioting be committed – If not committed	190	Wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot- if rioting be committed; if not committed
171	153A	Promoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony	194	Promoting enmity between different groups on ground of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony.
172	153AA	Punishment for knowingly carrying arms in any procession or organising, or holding or taking part in any mass drill or mass training with arms	—	—
173	153B	Imputations, assertions prejudicial to national integration	195	Imputations, assertions prejudicial to national integration
174	154	Owner or occupier of land on which an unlawful assembly is held	191	Liability of owner, occupier etc., of land on which an unlawful assembly or riot takes place
175	155	Liability of person for whose benefit riot is committed	191(2)	Liability of owner, occupier etc., of land on which an unlawful assembly or riot takes place
176	156	Liability of agent of owner or occupier for whose benefit riot is committed	191(3)	Liability of owner, occupier etc., of land on which an unlawful assembly or riot takes place
177	157	Harbouring persons hired for an unlawful assembly	—	—
178	158	Being hired to take part in an unlawful assembly or riot	—	—
179	159	Affray	192	Affray
180	160	Punishment for committing affray	192	Affray
181	161 to 165A	Omitted	—	—
182	166	Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any person	196	Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any person
183	166A	Public servant disobeying direction under law	197	Public servant disobeying direction under law
184	166B	Punishment for non-treatment of victim	198	Punishment for non-treatment of victim
185	167	Public servant framing an incorrect document with intent to cause injury	199	Public servant framing an incorrect document with intent to cause injury
186	168	Public servant unlawfully engaging in trade	200	Public servant unlawfully engaging in trade
187	169	Public servant unlawfully buying or bidding for property	201	Public servant unlawfully buying or bidding for property
188	170	Personating a public servant	202	Personating a public servant
189	171	Wearing garb or carrying token used by public servant with fraudulent intent	203	Wearing garb or carrying token used by public servant with fraudulent intent
190	171A	“Candidate”, “electoral right” defined	167	Candidate, electoral right defined
191	171B	Bribery	168	Bribery
192	171C	Under influence at elections	169	Undue influence at elections
193	171D	Personation at elections	170	Personation at elections
194	171E	Punishment for bribery	171	Punishment for bribery
195	171F	Punishment for undue influence or personation at an election	172	Punishment for undue influence or personation at an election
196	171G	False statement in connection with an election	173	False statement in connection with an election
197	171H	Illegal payment in connection with an election	174	Illegal payments in connection with an election
198	171-I	Failure to keep election accounts	175	Failure to keep election accounts
199	172	Absconding to avoid service of summons or other proceeding	204	Absconding to avoid service of summons or other proceeding
200	173	Preventing service of summons or other proceeding, or preventing publication thereof	205	Preventing service of summons or other proceeding, or preventing publication thereof
201	174	Non-attendance in obedience to an order from public servant	206	Non-attendance in obedience to an order from public servant
202	174A	Non-appearance in response to a proclamation under section 82 of Act 2 of 1974	207	Non-appearance in response to a proclamation under section 82 of Act __ of 2023
203	175	Omission to produce document or electronic record to public servant by person, legally bound to produce it	208	Omission to produce document to public servant by person legally bound to produce it
204	176	Omission to give notice or information to public servant by person legally bound to give it	209	Omission to give notice or information to public servant by person legally bound to give it
205	177	Furnishing false information	210	Furnishing false information
206	178	Refusing oath or affirmation when duly required by public servant to make it	211	Refusing oath or affirmation when duly required by public servant to make it
207	179	Refusing to answer public servant authorised to question	212	Refusing to answer public servant authorised to question
208	180	Refusing to sign statement	213	Refusing to sign statement
209	181	False statement on oath or affirmation to public servant or person authorised to administer an oath or affirmation	214	False statement on oath or affirmation to public servant or person authorised to administer an oath or affirmation
210	182	False information, with intent to cause public servant to use his lawful power to the injury of another person	215	False information, with intent to cause public servant to use his lawful power to the injury of another person
211	183	Resistance to the taking of property by the lawful authority of a public servant	216	Resistance to the taking of property by the lawful authority of a public servant
212	184	Obstructing sale of property offered for sale by authority of public servant	217	Obstructing sale of property offered for sale by authority of public servant
213	185	Illegal purchase or bid for property offered for sale by authority of public servant	218	Illegal purchase or bid for property offered for sale by authority of public servant
214	186	Obstructing public servant in discharge of public functions	219	Obstructing public servant in discharge of public functions
215	187	Omission to assist public servant when bound by law to give assistance	220	Omission to assist public servant when bound by law to give assistance
216	188	Disobedience to order duly promulgated by public servant	221	Disobedience to order duly promulgated by public servant
217	189	Threat of injury to public servant	222	Threat of injury to public servant
218	190	Threat of injury to induce person to refrain from applying for protection to public servant	223	Threat of injury to induce person to refrain from applying for protection to public servant
219	191	Giving false evidence	225	Giving false evidence
220	192	Fabricating false evidence	226	Fabricating false evidence
221	193	Punishment for false evidence	227	Punishment for false evidence
222	194	Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offence	228	Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offence
223	195	Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of offence punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment	229	Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of offence punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment
224	195A	Threatening any person to give false evidence	230	Threatening any person to give false evidence
225	196	Using evidence known to be false	231	Using evidence known to be false
226	197	Issuing or signing false certificate	232	Issuing or signing false certificate
227	198	Using as true a certificate known to be false	233	Using as true a certificate known to be false
228	199	False statement made in declaration which is by law receivable as evidence	234	False statement made in declaration which is by law receivable as evidence
229	200	Using as true such declaration knowing it to be false	235	Using as true such declaration knowing it to be false
230	201	Causing disappearance of evidence of offence, or giving false information to screen offender	236	Causing disappearance of evidence of offence, or giving false information to screen offender
231	202	Intentional omission to give information of offence by person bound to inform	237	Intentional omission to give information of offence by person bound to inform
232	203	Giving false information respecting an offence committed	238	Giving false information respecting an offence committed
233	204	Destruction of document or electronic record to prevent its production as evidence	239	Destruction of document to prevent its production as evidence
234	205	False personation for purpose of act or proceeding in suit or prosecution	240	False personation for purpose of act or proceeding in suit or prosecution
235	206	Fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution	241	Fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution
236	207	Fraudulent claim to property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution	242	Fraudulent claim to property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution
237	208	Fraudulently suffering decree for sum not due	243	Fraudulently suffering decree for sum not due
238	209	Dishonestly making false claim in Court	244	Dishonestly making false claim in Court
239	210	Fraudulently obtaining decree for sum not due	245	Fraudulently obtaining decree for sum not due
240	211	False charge of offence made with intent to injure	246	False charge of offence made with intent to injure
241	212	Harbouring offender	247	Harbouring offender
242	213	Taking gift, etc., to screen an offender from punishment	248	Taking gift, etc., to screen an offender from punishment
243	214	Offering gift or restoration of property in consideration of screening offender	249	Offering gift or restoration of property in consideration of screening offender
244	215	Taking gift to help to recover stolen property, etc.	250	Taking gift to help to recover stolen property, etc.
245	216	Harbouring offender who has escaped from custody or whose apprehension has been ordered	251	Harbouring offender who has escaped from custody or whose apprehension has been ordered
246	216A	Penalty for harbouring robbers or dacoits	252	Penalty for harbouring robbers or dacoits
247	216B	Definition of “harbour” in sections 212, 216 and 216A	—	—
248	217	Public servant disobeying direction of law with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture	253	Public servant disobeying direction of law with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture
249	218	Public servant framing incorrect record or writing with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture	254	Public servant framing incorrect record or writing with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture
250	219	Public servant in judicial proceeding corruptly making report, etc., contrary to law	255	Public servant in judicial proceeding corruptly making report, etc., contrary to law
251	220	Commitment for trial or confinement by person having authority who knows that he is acting contrary to law	256	Commitment for trial or confinement by person having authority who knows that he is acting contrary to law
252	221	Intentional omission to apprehend on the part of public servant bound to apprehend	257	Intentional omission to apprehend on the part of public servant bound to apprehend
253	222	Intentional omission to apprehend on that part of public servant bound to apprehend person under sentence or lawfully committed	258	Intentional omission to apprehend on the part of public servant bound to apprehend person under sentence or lawfully committed
254	223	Escape from confinement or custody negligently suffered by public servant	259	Escape from confinement or custody negligently suffered by public servant
255	224	Resistance or obstruction by a person to his lawful apprehension	260	Resistance or obstruction by a person to his lawful apprehension
256	225	Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension of another person	261	Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension of another person
257	225A	Omission to apprehend, or sufferance of escape, on part of public servant, in cases not otherwise provided for	262	Omission to apprehend, or sufferance of escape, on part of public servant, in cases not otherwise, provided for
258	225B	Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension, or escape or rescue, in cases not otherwise provided for	263	Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension or escape or rescue in cases not otherwise provided for
259	226	Unlawful return from transportation	—	—
260	227	Violation of condition of remission of punishment	264	Violation of condition of remission of punishment
261	228	Intentional insult or interruption to public servant sitting in judicial proceeding	265	Intentional insult or interruption to public servant sitting in judicial proceeding
262	228A	Disclosure of identity of the victim of certain offences, etc.	72	Disclosure of identity of the victim of certain offences, etc.
263	229	Personation of a juror or assessor	266	Personation of an assessor
264	229A	Failure by person released on bail or bond to appear in Court	267	Failure by person released on bail or bond to appear in court
265	230	“Coin” defined	176	Counterfeiting coin, government stamps, currency-notes or bank-notes
266	231	Counterfeiting coin	176	Counterfeiting coin, government stamps, currency-notes or bank-notes
267	232	Counterfeiting Indian coin	176	Counterfeiting coin, government stamps, currency-notes or bank-notes
268	233	Making or selling instrument for counterfeiting coin	179	Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting coin, Government stamp, currency notes or bank-notes
269	233	Making or selling instrument for counterfeiting coin	180	Making or using documents resembling currency-notes or bank-notes
270	234	Making or selling instrument for counterfeiting Indian coin	179	Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting coin, Government stamp, currency notes or bank-notes
271	234	Making or selling instrument for counterfeiting Indian coin	180	Making or using documents resembling currency-notes or bank-notes
272	235	Possession of instrument, or material for the purpose of using the same for counterfeiting coin	179	Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting coin, Government stamp, currency notes or bank-notes
273	235		180	Making or using documents resembling currency-notes or bank-notes
274	236	Abetting in India the counterfeiting out of India of coin	—	—
275	237	Import or export of counterfeit coin	—	—
276	238	Import or export of counterfeits of Indian coin	—	—
277	239	Delivery of coin, possessed with knowledge that it is counterfeit	—	—
278	240	Delivery of Indian coin, possessed with knowledge that it is counterfeit	—	—
279	241	Delivery of coin as genuine, which, when first possessed, the deliverer did not know to be counterfeit	—	—
280	242	Possession of counterfeit coin by person who knew it to be counterfeit when he became possessed thereof	—	—
281	243	Possession of Indian coin by person who knew it to be counterfeit when he became possessed thereof	—	—
282	244	Person employed in mint causing coin to be of different weight or composition from that fixed by law	185	Person employed in mint causing coin to be of different weight or composition from that fixed by law
283	245	Unlawfully taking coining instrument from mint	186	Unlawfully taking coining instrument from mint
284	246	Fraudulently or dishonestly diminishing weight or altering composition of coin	—	—
285	247	Fraudulently or dishonestly diminishing weight or altering composition of Indian coin	—	—
286	248	Altering appearance of coin with intent that it shall pass as coin different description	—	—
287	249	Altering appearance of Indian coin with intent that it shall pass as coin of different description	—	—
288	250	Delivery of coin, possessed with knowledge that it is altered	—	—
289	251	Delivery of Indian coin, possessed with knowledge that it is altered	—	—
290	252	Possession of coin by person who knew it to be altered when he became possessed thereof	—	—
291	253	Possession of Indian coin by a person who knew it to be altered when he became possessed thereof	—	—
292	254	Delivery of coin as genuine which, when first possessed, the deliverer did not know to be altered	—	—
293	255	Counterfeiting Government stamp	176	Counterfeiting coin, government stamps, currency-notes or bank-notes
294	256	Having possession of instrument or material for counterfeiting Government stamp	179	Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting coin, Government stamp, currency notes or bank-notes
295	257	Making or selling instrument for counterfeiting Government stamp	179	Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting coin, Government stamp, currency notes or bank-notes
296	258	Sale of counterfeit Government stamp	—	—
297	259	Having possession of counterfeit Government stamp	178	Possession of forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes
298	260	Using as genuine a Government stamp known to be counterfeit	177	Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank notes
299	261	Effacing, writing from substance bearing Government stamp, or removing from document a stamp used for it, with intent to cause loss to Government	181	Effacing writing from substance bearing Government stamp, or removing from document a stamp used for it, with intent to cause loss to Government
300	262	Using Government stamp known to have been before used	182	Using Government stamp known to have been before used
301	263	Erasure of mark denoting that stamp has been used	183	Erasure of mark denoting that stamp has been used
302	263A	Prohibition of fictitious stamps	184	Prohibition of fictitious stamps
303	264	Fraudulent use of false instrument for weighing	—	—
304	265	Fraudulent use of false weight or measure	—	—
305	266	Being in possession of false weight or measure	—	—
306	267	Making or selling false weight or measure	—	—
307	268	Public nuisance	268	Public nuisance
308	269	Negligent Act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life	269	Negligent act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life
309	270	Malignant Act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life	270	Malignant act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life
310	271	Disobedience to quarantine rule	271	Disobedience to quarantine rule
311	272	Adulteration of food or drink intended for sale	272	Adulteration of food or drink intended for sale
312	273	Sale of noxious food or drink	273	Sale of noxious food or drink
313	274	Adulteration of drugs	274	Adulteration of drugs
314	275	Sale of adulterated drugs	275	Sale of adulterated drugs
315	276	Sale of drug as a different drug or preparation	276	Sale of drug as a different drug or preparation
316	277	Fouling water of public spring or reservoir	277	Fouling water of public spring or reservoir
317	278	Making atmosphere noxious to health	278	Making atmosphere noxious to health
318	279	Rash driving or riding on a public way	279	Rash driving or riding on a public way
319	280	Rash navigation of vessel	280	Rash navigation of vessel
320	281	Exhibition of false light, mark or buoy	281	Exhibition of false light, mark or buoy
321	282	Conveying person by water for hire in unsafe or overloaded vessel	282	Conveying person by water for hire in unsafe or overloaded vessel
322	283	Danger or obstruction in public way or line of navigation	283	Danger or obstruction in public way or line of navigation
323	284	Negligent conduct with respect to poisonous substance	284	Negligent conduct with respect to poisonous substance
324	285	Negligent conduct with respect to fire or combustible matter	285	Negligent conduct with respect to fire or combustible matter
325	286	Negligent conduct with respect to explosive substance	286	Negligent conduct with respect to explosive substance
326	287	Negligent conduct with respect to machinery	287	Negligent conduct with respect to machinery
327	288	Negligent conduct with respect to pulling down or repairing buildings	288	Negligent conduct with respect to pulling down, repairing or constructing buildings etc.
328	289	Negligent conduct with respect to animal	289	Negligent conduct with respect to animal
329	290	Punishment for public nuisance in cases not otherwise provided for	290	Punishment for public nuisance in cases not otherwise provided for
330	291	Continuance of nuisance after injunction to discontinue	291	Continuance of nuisance after injunction to discontinue
331	292	Sale, etc., of obscene books, etc.	292	Sale, etc., of obscene books, etc.
332	293	Sale, etc., of obscene objects to young person	293	Sale, etc., of obscene objects to child
333	294	Obscene Acts and songs	294	Obscene acts and songs
334	294A	Keeping lottery office	295	Keeping lottery office
335	295	Injuring or defiling place of worship with intent to insult the religion of any class	296	Injuring or defiling place of worship, with intent to insult the religion of any class
336	295A	Deliberate and malicious acts intended to outrage religious feelings of any class, by insulting its religion or religious beliefs	297	Deliberate and malicious acts, intended to outrage religious feelings of any class by insulting its religion or religious beliefs
337	296	Disturbing religious assembly	298	Disturbing religious assembly
338	297	Trespassing on burial places, etc.	299	Trespassing on burial places, etc.
339	298	Uttering words, etc., with deliberate intent to wound the religious feelings of any person	300	Uttering words, etc., with deliberate intent to wound religious feelings
340	299	Culpable homicide	98	Culpable homicide
341	300	Murder	99	Murder
342	301	Culpable homicide by causing death of person other than person whose death was intended	100	Culpable homicide by causing death of person other than person whose death was intended
343	302	Punishment for murder	101	Punishment for murder
344	303	Punishment for murder by life-convict	102	Punishment for murder by life-convict
345	304	Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder	103	Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder
346	304A	Causing death by negligence	104	Causing death by negligence
347	304B	Dowry death	79	Dowry death
348	305	Abetment of suicide of child or insane person	105	Abetment of suicide of child or person with mental illness
349	306	Abetment of suicide	106	Abetment of suicide
350	307	Attempt to murder	107	Attempt to murder
351	308	Attempt to commit culpable homicide	108	Attempt to commit culpable homicide
352	309	Attempt to commit suicide	224	Attempt to commit suicide to compel or restraint exercise of lawful power
353	310	Thug	—	—
354	311	Punishment	—	—
355	312	Causing miscarriage	86	Causing miscarriage
356	313	Causing miscarriage without woman’s consent	87	Causing miscarriage without woman’s consent
357	314	Death caused by act done with intent to cause miscarriage	88	Death caused by act done with intent to cause miscarriage
358	315	Act done with intent to prevent child being born alive or to cause it to die after birth	89	Act done with intent to prevent child being born alive or to cause it to die after birth
359	316	Causing death of quick unborn child by act amounting to culpable homicide	90	Causing death of quick unborn child by act amounting to culpable homicide
360	317	Exposure and abandonment of child under twelve years, by parent or person having care of it	91	Exposure and abandonment of child under twelve years, by parent or person having care of it
361	318	Concealment of birth by secret disposal of dead body	92	Concealment of birth by secret disposal of dead body
362	319	Hurt	112	Hurt
363	320	Grievous hurt	114	Grievous hurt
364	321	Voluntarily causing hurt	113	Voluntarily causing hurt
365	322	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt	115	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt
366	323	Punishment for voluntarily causing hurt	113(2)	Voluntarily causing hurt
367	324	Voluntarily causing hurt by dangerous weapons or means	116	Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means
368	325	Punishment for voluntarily causing grievous hurt	115(2)	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt
369	326	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means	116	Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means
370	326A	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid, etc.	122	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid, etc.
371	326B	Voluntarily throwing or attempting to throw acid	122(2)	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid, etc.
372	327	Voluntarily causing hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act	117	Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal to an act
373	328	Causing hurt by means of poison, etc., with intent to commit an offence	121	Causing hurt by means of poison, etc., with intent to commit an offence
374	329	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act	118	Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort confession, or to compel restoration of property
375	330	Voluntarily causing hurt to extort confession, or to compel restoration of property	118	Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort confession, or to compel restoration of property
376	331	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to extort confession, or to compel restoration of property	118	Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort confession, or to compel restoration of property
377	332	Voluntarily causing hurt to deter public servant from his duty	119	Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to deter public servant from his duty
378	333	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to deter public servant from his duty	119	Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to deter public servant from his duty
379	334	Voluntarily causing hurt on provocation	120	Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt on provocation
380	335	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt on provocation	120	Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt on provocation
381	336	Act endangering life or personal safety of others	123	Act endangering life or personal safety of others
382	337	Causing hurt by act endangering life or personal safety of others	123	Act endangering life or personal safety of others
383	338	Causing grievous hurt by act endangering life or personal safety of others	—	—
384	339	Wrongful restraint	124	Wrongful restraint
385	340	Wrongful confinement	125	Wrongful confinement
386	341	Punishment for wrongful restraint	—	—
387	342	Punishment for wrongful confinement	—	—
388	343	Wrongful confinement for three or more days	—	—
389	344	Wrongful confinement for ten or more days	—	—
390	345	Wrongful confinement of person for whose liberation writ has been issued	—	—
391	346	Wrongful confinement in secret	—	—
392	347	Wrongful confinement to extort property or constrain to illegal act	—	—
393	348	Wrongful confinement to extort confession, or compel restoration of property	—	—
394	349	Force	126	Force
395	350	Criminal force	127	Criminal force
396	351	Assault	128	Assault
397	352	Punishment for assault or criminal force otherwise than on grave provocation	129	Punishment for assault or criminal force otherwise than on grave provocation
398	353	Assault or criminal force to deter public servant from discharge of his duty	130	Assault or criminal force to deter public servant from discharge of his duty
399	354	Assault or criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty	73	Assault or criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty
400	354A	Sexual harassment and punishment for sexual harassment	74	Sexual harassment and punishment for sexual harassment
401	354B	Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to disrobe	75	Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to disrobe
402	354C	Voyeurism	76	Voyeurism
403	354D	Stalking	77	Stalking
404	355	Assault or criminal force with intent to dishonour person, otherwise than on grave provocation	131	Assault or criminal force with intent to dishonor person, otherwise than on grave provocation
405	356	Assault or criminal force in attempt to commit theft of property carried by a person	132	Assault or criminal force in attempt to commit theft of property carried by a person
406	357	Assault or criminal force in attempt wrongfully to confine a person	133	Assault or criminal force in attempt wrongfully to confine a person
407	358	Assault or criminal force on grave provocation	134	Assault or criminal force on grave provocation
408	359	Kidnapping	135	Kidnapping
409	360	Kidnapping from India	—	—
410	361	Kidnapping from lawful guardianship	—	—
411	362	Abduction	136	Abduction
412	363	Punishment for kidnapping	—	—
413	363A	Kidnapping or maiming a minor for purposes of begging	137	Kidnapping or maiming a child for purposes of begging
414	364	Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder	138	Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder or for ransom etc.
415	364A	Kidnapping for ransom, etc.	138	Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder or for ransom etc.
416	365	Kidnapping or abducting with intent secretly and wrongfully to confine person	—	—
417	366	Kidnapping, abducting or inducing woman to compel her marriage, etc.	85	Kidnapping, abducting or inducing woman to compel her marriage, etc.
418	366A	Procuration of minor girl	—	—
419	366B	Importation of girl from foreign country	139	Importation of girl or boy from foreign country
420	367	Kidnapping or abducting in order to subject person to grievous hurt, slavery, etc.	139	Importation of girl or boy from foreign country
421	368	Wrongfully concealing or keeping in confinement, kidnapped or abducted person	140	Wrongfully concealing or keeping in confinement, kidnapped or abducted person
422	369	Kidnapping or abducting child under ten years with intent to steal from its person	—	—
423	370	Trafficking of person	141	Trafficking of person
424	370A	Exploitation of a trafficked person	142	Exploitation of a trafficked person
425	371	Habitual dealing in slaves	143	Habitual dealing in slaves
426	372	Selling minor for purposes of prostitution, etc.	96	Selling child for purposes of prostitution, etc.
427	373	Buying minor for purposes of prostitution, etc.	97	Buying child for purposes of prostitution, etc.
428	374	Unlawful compulsory labour	144	Unlawful compulsory labour
429	375	Rape	63	Rape
430	376	Punishment for rape	64	Punishment for rape
431	376A	Punishment for causing death or resulting in persistent vegetative state of victim	66	Punishment for causing death or resulting in persistent vegetative state of victim
432	376AB	Punishment for rape on woman under twelve years of age	65	Punishment for rape in certain cases
433	376B	Sexual intercourse by husband upon his wife during separation	67	Sexual intercourse by husband upon his wife during separation or by a person in authority
434	376C	Sexual intercourse by a person in authority	68	Sexual intercourse by a person in authority
435	376D	Gang rape	70	Gang rape
436	376DA	Punishment for gang rape on woman under sixteen years of age	70	Gang rape
437	376DB	Punishment for gang rape on woman under twelve years of age	70	Gang rape
438	376E	Punishment for repeat offenders	71	Punishment for repeat offenders
439	377	Unnatural offences	—	—
440	378	Theft	301	Theft
441	379	Punishment for theft	—	—
442	380	Theft in dwelling house, etc.	303	Theft in a dwelling house, or means of transportation or place of worship, etc.
443	381	Theft by clerk or servant of property in possession of master	304	Theft by clerk or servant of property in possession of master
444	382	Theft after preparation made for causing death, hurt or restraint in order to the committing of the theft	305	Theft after preparation made for causing death, hurt or restraint in order to the committing of theft
445	383	Extortion	306	Extortion
446	384	Punishment for extortion	—	—
447	385	Putting person in fear of injury in order to commit extortion	—	—
448	386	Extortion by putting a person in fear of death or grievous hurt	—	—
449	387	Putting person in fear of death or of grievous hurt, in order to commit extortion	—	—
450	388	Extortion by threat of accusation of an offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life, etc.	—	—
451	389	Putting person in fear of accusation of offence, in order to commit extortion	—	—
452	390	Robbery	307	Robbery
453	391	Dacoity	308	Dacoity
454	392	Punishment for robbery	307	Robbery
455	393	Attempt to commit robbery	307	Robbery
456	394	Voluntarily causing hurt in committing robbery	307	Robbery
457	395	Punishment for dacoity	308	Dacoity
458	396	Dacoity with murder	—	—
459	397	Robbery or dacoity, with attempt to cause death or grievous hurt	309	Robbery, or dacoity, with attempt to cause death or grievous hurt
460	398	Attempt to commit robbery or dacoity when armed with deadly weapon	310	Attempt to commit robbery or dacoity when armed with deadly weapon
461	399	Making preparation to commit dacoity	308	Dacoity
462	400	Punishment for belonging to gang of dacoits	311	Punishment for belonging to gang of robbers, dacoits, etc.
463	401	Punishment for belonging to gang of thieves	311	Punishment for belonging to gang of robbers, dacoits, etc.
464	402	Assembling for purpose of committing dacoity	308	Dacoity
465	403	Dishonest misappropriation of property	312	Dishonest misappropriation of property
466	404	Dishonest misappropriation of property possessed by deceased person at the time of his death	313	Dishonest misappropriation of property possessed by deceased person at the time of his death
467	405	Criminal breach of trust	314	Criminal breach of trust
468	406	Punishment for criminal breach of trust	—	—
469	407	Criminal breach of trust by carrier, etc.	—	—
470	408	Criminal breach of trust by clerk or servant	—	—
471	409	Criminal breach of trust by public servant, or by banker, merchant or agent	—	—
472	410	Stolen property	315	Stolen property
473	411	Dishonestly receiving stolen property	—	—
474	412	Dishonestly receiving property stolen in the commission of a dacoity	—	—
475	413	Habitually dealing in stolen property	—	—
476	414	Assisting in concealment of stolen property	—	—
477	415	Cheating	316	Cheating
478	416	Cheating by personation	317	Cheating by personation
479	417	Punishment for cheating	—	—
480	418	Cheating with knowledge that wrongful loss may ensue to person whose interest offender is bound to protect	—	—
481	419	Punishment for cheating by personation	—	—
482	420	Cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property	—	—
483	421	Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent distribution among creditors	318	Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent distribution among creditors
484	422	Dishonestly or fraudulently preventing debt being available for creditors	319	Dishonestly or fraudulently preventing debt being available for creditors
485	423	Dishonest or fraudulent execution of deed of transfer containing false statement of consideration	320	Dishonest or fraudulent execution of deed of transfer containing false statement of consideration
486	424	Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property	321	Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property
487	425	Mischief	322	Mischief
488	426	Punishment for mischief	—	—
489	427	Mischief causing damage to the amount of fifty rupees	—	—
490	428	Mischief by killing or maiming animal of the value of ten rupees	323	Mischief by killing or maiming animal
491	429	Mischief by killing or maiming cattle, etc., of any value or any animal of the value of fifty rupees	323	Mischief by killing or maiming animal
492	430	Mischief by injury to works of irrigation or by wrongfully diverting water	323	Mischief by killing or maiming animal
493			324	Mischief by injury, inundation, fire or explosive substance, etc.
494			325	Mischief with intent to destroy or make unsafe a rail, aircraft, decked vessel or one of twenty tons burden
495	431	Mischief by injury to public road, bridge, river or channel	323	Mischief by killing or maiming animal
496			324	Mischief by injury, inundation, fire or explosive substance, etc.
497			325	Mischief with intent to destroy or make unsafe a rail, aircraft, decked vessel or one of twenty tons burden
498	432	Mischief by causing inundation or obstruction to public drainage attended with damage	323	Mischief by killing or maiming animal
499			324	Mischief by injury, inundation, fire or explosive substance, etc.
500			325	Mischief with intent to destroy or make unsafe a rail, aircraft, decked vessel or one of twenty tons burden
501	433	Mischief by destroying, moving or rendering less useful a light-house or sea-mark	—	—
502	434	Mischief by destroying or moving, etc., a land-mark fixed by public authority	—	—
503	435	Mischief by fire or explosive substance with intent to cause damage to amount of one hundred or (in case of agricultural produce) ten rupees	—	—
504	436	Mischief by fire or explosive substance with intent to destroy house, etc.	—	—
505	437	Mischief with intent to destroy or make unsafe a decked vessel or one of twenty tons burden	—	—
506	438	Punishment for the mischief described in section 437 committed by fire or explosive substance	—	—
507	439	Punishment for intentionally running vessel aground or ashore with intent to commit theft, etc.	326	Punishment for intentionally running vessel aground or ashore with intent to commit theft, etc.
508	440	Mischief committed after preparation made for causing death or hurt	—	—
509	441	Criminal trespass	327	Criminal trespass and house-trespass
510	442	House-trespass	328	House-trespass and house-breaking
511	443	Lurking house-trespass	—	—
512	444	Lurking house-trespass by night	—	—
513	445	House-breaking	328	House-trespass and house-breaking
514	446	House-breaking by night	—	—
515	447	Punishment for criminal trespass	—	—
516	448	Punishment for house-trespass	329	Punishment for house-trespass or house breaking
517	449	House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with death	330	House-trespass in order to commit offence
518	450	House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment for life	330	House-trespass in order to commit offence
519	451	House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment	330	House-trespass in order to commit offence
520	452	House-trespass after preparation for hurt, assault or wrongful restraint	331	House-trespass after preparation for hurt, assault or wrongful restraint
521	453	Punishment for lurking house-trespass or house-breaking	—	—
522	454	Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment	—	—
523	455	Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking after preparation for hurt, assault or wrongful restraint	—	—
524	456	Punishment for lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night	—	—
525	457	Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment	—	—
526	458	Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night after preparation for hurt, assault, or wrongful restraint	—	—
527	459	Grievous hurt caused whilst committing lurking house-trespass or house-breaking	—	—
528	460	All persons jointly concerned in lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night punishable where death or grievous hurt caused by one of them	—	—
529	461	Dishonestly breaking open receptacle containing property	332	Dishonestly breaking open receptacle containing property
530	462	Punishment for same offence when committed by person entrusted with custody	—	—
531	463	Forgery	334	Forgery
532	464	Making a false document	333	Making a false document
533	465	Punishment for forgery	—	—
534	466	Forgery of record of Court or of public register, etc.	335	Forgery of record of Court or of public register, etc.
535	467	Forgery of valuable security will, etc.	336	Forgery of valuable security, will, etc.
536	468	Forgery for purpose of cheating	—	—
537	469	Forgery for purpose of harming reputation	—	—
538	470	Forged document or electronic record	338	Forged document or electronic record and using it as genuine
539	471	Using as genuine a forged document or electronic record	—	—
540	472	Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery, punishable under section 467	—	—
541	473	Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable otherwise	339	Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable under section 336
542	474	Having possession of document described in section 466 or 467, knowing it to be forged and intending to use it as genuine	337	Having possession of document described in section 335 or 336, knowing it to be forged and intending to use it as genuine
543	475	Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents described in section 467, or possessing counterfeit marked material	340	Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents described in section 336, or possessing counterfeit marked material
544	476	Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents other than those described in section 467, or possessing cunterfeit marked material	—	—
545	477	Fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc., of will, authority to adopt, or valuable security	341	Fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc., of will, authority to adopt, or valuable security
546	477A	Falsification of accounts	342	Falsification of accounts
547	478	Trade marks	—	—
548	479	Property mark	343	Property mark
549	480	Using a false trade mark	—	—
550	481	Using a false property mark	—	—
551	482	Punishment for using a false property mark	—	—
552	483	Counterfeiting a property mark used by another	345	Counterfeiting a property mark
553	484	Counterfeiting a mark used by a public servant	—	—
554	485	Making or possession of any instrument for counterfeiting a property mark	346	Making or possession of any instrument for counterfeiting a property mark
555	486	Selling goods marked with a counterfeit property mark	347	Selling goods marked with a counterfeit property mark
556	487	Making a false mark upon any receptacle containing goods	348	Making a false mark upon any receptacle containing goods
557	488	Punishment for making use of any such false mark	348	Making a false mark upon any receptacle containing goods
558	489	Tampering with property mark with intent to cause injury	344	Tampering with property mark with intent to cause injury
559	489A	Counterfeiting currency-notes or bank-notes	176	Counterfeiting coin, government stamps, currency-notes or bank-notes
560	489B	Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit currency-notes or bank-notes	177	Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank notes
561	489C	Possession of forged or counterfeit currency-notes or bank-notes	178	Possession of forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes
562	489D	Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting currency-notes or bank-notes	179	Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting coin, Government stamp, currency notes or bank-notes
563	489E	Making or using documents resembling currency-notes or bank-notes	180	Making or using documents resembling currency-notes or bank-notes
564	490	Breach of contract of service during voyage of journey	—	—
565	491	Breach of contract to attend on and supply wants of helpless person	355	Breach of contract to attend on and supply wants of helpless person
566	492	Breach of contract to serve at distant place to which servant is conveyed at master’s expense	—	—
567	493	Cohabitation caused by a man deceitfully inducing a belief of lawful marriage	80	Cohabitation caused by a man deceitfully inducing a belief of lawful marriage
568	494	Marrying again during lifetime of husband or wife	81	Marrying again during lifetime of husband or wife
569	495	Same offence with concealment of former marriage from person with whom subsequent marriage is contracted	—	—
570	496	Marriage ceremony fraudulently gone through without lawful marriage	82	Marriage ceremony fraudulently gone through without lawful marriage
571	497	Adultery	—	—
572	498	Enticing or taking away or detaining with criminal intent a married woman	83	Enticing or taking away or detaining with criminal intent a married woman
573	498A	Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty	84	Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty
574	499	Defamation	354	Defamation
575	500	Punishment for defamation	354	Defamation
576	501	Printing or engraving matter known to be defamatory	354(3)	Defamation
577	502	Sale of printed or engraved substance containing defamatory matter	354(4)	Defamation
578	503	Criminal intimidation	349	Criminal intimidation
579	504	Intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of the peace	350	Intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of peace
580	505	Statements conducing to public mischief	351	Statements conducing to public mischief
581	506	Punishment for criminal intimidation	349	Criminal intimidation
582	507	Criminal intimidation by an anonymous communication	349(4)	Criminal intimidation
583	508	Act caused by inducing person to believe that he will be rendered an object of the Divine displeasure	352	Act caused by inducing person to believe that he will be rendered an object of the Divine displeasure
584	509	Word, gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman	78	Word, gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman
585	510	Misconduct in public by a drunken person	353	Misconduct in public by a drunken person
586	511	Punishment for attempting to commit offences punishable with imprisonment for life or other imprisonment	62	Punishment for attempting to commit offences punishable with imprisonment for life or other imprisonment

Comparative Comparative Chart of Indian Penal Code (IPC) and Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023

In India, the legal framework evolves continuously to adapt to societal changes and enhance justice delivery. The Indian Penal Code (IPC), established in 1860, has been the cornerstone of criminal law. Recently, discussions have emerged around the introduction of the 2023 BNS (placeholder for hypothetical new law) to update and streamline the existing legal provisions.

Understanding the Indian Penal Code (IPC)

The Indian Penal Code, drafted under the guidance of Lord Macaulay, forms the bedrock of criminal law in India. It categorizes offenses under distinct sections, prescribing punishments for each. Its comprehensive nature addresses a wide range of criminal acts, ensuring uniformity in legal application across the country.

Introducing the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023

The proposed 2023 BNS aims to modernize India’s legal framework in response to contemporary challenges. It promises enhancements in several key areas, such as:

Cyber Crimes: With the rise of digital offenses, the 2023 BNS proposes stringent measures to combat cyber threats, reflecting the growing reliance on technology in criminal activities.
Environmental Offenses: Recognizing the urgency of environmental conservation, the new law introduces provisions to tackle environmental crimes effectively, aligning with global sustainability goals.
Corporate Governance: In response to corporate scandals and economic crimes, the 2023 BNS incorporates provisions for stricter corporate governance, aiming to foster transparency and accountability in business practices.

Comparative Analysis

Scope and Coverage

While the IPC remains extensive in its coverage, the 2023 BNS introduces specialized provisions tailored to emerging challenges. It expands the legal scope to encompass modern-day offenses not adequately addressed in the IPC, thereby bridging gaps in legal protection.

Punitive Measures

Both legislations emphasize deterrence through punitive measures. However, the 2023 BNS proposes updated sentencing guidelines to ensure proportionality and consistency in punishment, reflecting evolving societal norms and expectations.

Accessibility and Clarity

The IPC, though robust, can be perceived as complex due to its age and frequent judicial interpretations. In contrast, the 2023 BNS strives for clarity and accessibility, employing modern legal language and streamlined provisions to facilitate easier comprehension and application.

The comparison between the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and the proposed 2023 BNS underscores India’s commitment to legal reform and adaptation. While the IPC serves as a fundamental legal document, the introduction of the 2023 BNS represents a forward-looking approach to address contemporary legal challenges comprehensively.

As India navigates the complexities of modern governance and justice, the synergy between these legislations ensures a balanced legal framework that safeguards societal interests while promoting justice and equity.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the Indian Penal Code (IPC)?

The Indian Penal Code (IPC), enacted in 1860, is a comprehensive legislation that defines various criminal offenses and prescribes punishments for them. It forms the backbone of criminal law in India, guiding the prosecution and adjudication of criminal cases.

What is the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023?

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023 is a proposed legislation aimed at updating and refining India’s criminal laws to address contemporary challenges. It seeks to modernize criminal offenses, punishments, and procedural aspects within the legal system.

How do the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and the BNS 2023 differ?

The Indian Penal Code (IPC) provides a structured framework for defining criminal offenses and specifying punishments based on established legal principles. In contrast, the BNS 2023 introduces reforms such as:

New Offenses: Incorporating new types of criminal conduct reflecting modern societal concerns.
Enhanced Penalties: Revising penalties to align with evolving standards of justice and deterrence.
Procedural Reforms: Introducing streamlined procedures for investigation, trial, and sentencing.

What are the key enhancements proposed under the BNS 2023?

Key enhancements proposed under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023 include:

Cybercrime Legislation: Specific provisions to address offenses related to cyber activities and digital communications.
Environmental Offenses: Stricter penalties for environmental crimes to promote sustainability and conservation efforts.
Corporate Governance: Provisions to regulate corporate misconduct and enhance transparency in business practices.

How will the BNS 2023 impact criminal justice in India?

The BNS 2023 is expected to impact criminal justice by:

Modernizing Legal Standards: Updating laws to address emerging criminal activities and technological advancements.
Improving Deterrence: Strengthening penalties to deter potential offenders and protect public safety.
Enhancing Efficiency: Streamlining procedures to expedite trials and ensure prompt justice delivery.

Will the BNS 2023 replace the Indian Penal Code (IPC)?

As of now, the BNS 2023 is a proposed legislation and its implementation depends on legislative approval and adoption. It is designed to complement the existing Indian Penal Code by enhancing and updating criminal laws to meet contemporary societal needs.

How will the BNS 2023 benefit law enforcement and the public?

The BNS 2023 is expected to benefit law enforcement and the public by:

Clearer Legal Standards: Providing clearer guidelines for law enforcement agencies and legal professionals.
Enhanced Protections: Strengthening legal protections for vulnerable groups and victims of crime.
Promoting Accountability: Holding individuals and entities accountable for criminal conduct through effective legal frameworks.